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<a class="Constant" href="usr_90.html" name="usr_90.txt">usr_90.txt</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;<span class="Identifier">Vim version 8.0.</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;Last change: 2008 Sep 10<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installing Vim<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="Constant" href="usr_90.html#install" name="install">install</a><br>
Before you can use Vim you have to install it.&nbsp;&nbsp;Depending on your system it's<br>
simple or easy.&nbsp;&nbsp;This chapter gives a few hints and also explains how<br>
upgrading to a new version is done.<br>
<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_90.html#90.1">90.1</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Unix<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_90.html#90.2">90.2</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;MS-Windows<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_90.html#90.3">90.3</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Upgrading<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_90.html#90.4">90.4</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Common installation issues<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_90.html#90.5">90.5</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Uninstalling Vim<br>
<br>
&nbsp;Previous chapter:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_45.html">usr_45.txt</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Select your language<br>
Table of contents:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_toc.html">usr_toc.txt</a><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_90.html#90.1" name="90.1">90.1</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Unix<br>
<br>
First you have to decide if you are going to install Vim system-wide or for a<br>
single user.&nbsp;&nbsp;The installation is almost the same, but the directory where Vim<br>
is installed in differs.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; For a system-wide installation the base directory &quot;/usr/local&quot; is often<br>
used.&nbsp;&nbsp;But this may be different for your system.&nbsp;&nbsp;Try finding out where other<br>
packages are installed.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; When installing for a single user, you can use your home directory as the<br>
base.&nbsp;&nbsp;The files will be placed in subdirectories like &quot;bin&quot; and &quot;shared/vim&quot;.<br>
<br>
<br>
FROM A PACKAGE<br>
<br>
You can get precompiled binaries for many different UNIX systems.&nbsp;&nbsp;There is a<br>
long list with links on this page:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Constant"><a href="http://www.vim.org/binaries.html">http://www.vim.org/binaries.html</a></span>&nbsp;<br>
<br>
Volunteers maintain the binaries, so they are often out of date.&nbsp;&nbsp;It is a<br>
good idea to compile your own UNIX version from the source.&nbsp;&nbsp;Also, creating<br>
the editor from the source allows you to control which features are compiled.<br>
This does require a compiler though.<br>
<br>
If you have a Linux distribution, the &quot;vi&quot; program is probably a minimal<br>
version of Vim.&nbsp;&nbsp;It doesn't do syntax highlighting, for example.&nbsp;&nbsp;Try finding<br>
another Vim package in your distribution, or search on the web site.<br>
<br>
<br>
FROM SOURCES<br>
<br>
To compile and install Vim, you will need the following:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;&nbsp;A C compiler (GCC preferred)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;&nbsp;The GZIP program (you can get it from&nbsp;<span class="Constant">www.gnu.org</span>)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;&nbsp;The Vim source and runtime archives<br>
<br>
To get the Vim archives, look in this file for a mirror near you, this should<br>
provide the fastest download:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Constant">ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/MIRRORS</span>&nbsp;<br>
<br>
Or use the home site ftp.vim.org, if you think it's fast enough.&nbsp;&nbsp;Go to the<br>
&quot;unix&quot; directory and you'll find a list of files there.&nbsp;&nbsp;The version number is<br>
embedded in the file name.&nbsp;&nbsp;You will want to get the most recent version.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; You can get the files for Unix in two ways: One big archive that contains<br>
everything, or four smaller ones that each fit on a floppy disk.&nbsp;&nbsp;For version<br>
6.1 the single big one is called:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">vim-6.1.tar.bz2</span><br>
<br>
You need the bzip2 program to uncompress it.&nbsp;&nbsp;If you don't have it, get the<br>
four smaller files, which can be uncompressed with gzip.&nbsp;&nbsp;For Vim 6.1 they are<br>
called:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">vim-6.1-src1.tar.gz</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">vim-6.1-src2.tar.gz</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">vim-6.1-rt1.tar.gz</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">vim-6.1-rt2.tar.gz</span><br>
<br>
<br>
COMPILING<br>
<br>
First create a top directory to work in, for example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mkdir ~/vim<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cd ~/vim</div>
<br>
Then unpack the archives there.&nbsp;&nbsp;If you have the one big archive, you unpack<br>
it like this:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bzip2 -d -c path/vim-6.1.tar.bz2 | tar xf -</div>
<br>
Change &quot;path&quot; to where you have downloaded the file.<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-src1.tar.gz | tar xf -<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-src2.tar.gz | tar xf -<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-rt1.tar.gz | tar xf -<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-rt2.tar.gz | tar xf -</div>
<br>
If you are satisfied with getting the default features, and your environment<br>
is setup properly, you should be able to compile Vim with just this:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cd vim61/src<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make</div>
<br>
The make program will run configure and compile everything.&nbsp;&nbsp;Further on we<br>
will explain how to compile with different features.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; If there are errors while compiling, carefully look at the error messages.<br>
There should be a hint about what went wrong.&nbsp;&nbsp;Hopefully you will be able to<br>
correct it.&nbsp;&nbsp;You might have to disable some features to make Vim compile.<br>
Look in the Makefile for specific hints for your system.<br>
<br>
<br>
TESTING<br>
<br>
Now you can check if compiling worked OK:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make test</div>
<br>
This will run a sequence of test scripts to verify that Vim works as expected.<br>
Vim will be started many times and all kinds of text and messages flash by.<br>
If it is alright you will finally see:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">test results:</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">ALL DONE</span><br>
<br>
If you get &quot;TEST FAILURE&quot; some test failed.&nbsp;&nbsp;If there are one or two messages<br>
about failed tests, Vim might still work, but not perfectly.&nbsp;&nbsp;If you see a lot<br>
of error messages or Vim doesn't finish until the end, there must be something<br>
wrong.&nbsp;&nbsp;Either try to find out yourself, or find someone who can solve it.<br>
You could look in the&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="intro.html#maillist-archive">maillist-archive</a>&nbsp;for a solution.&nbsp;&nbsp;If everything else<br>
fails, you could ask in the vim&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="intro.html#maillist">maillist</a>&nbsp;if someone can help you.<br>
<br>
<br>
INSTALLING<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="Constant" href="usr_90.html#install-home" name="install-home">install-home</a><br>
If you want to install in your home directory, edit the Makefile and search<br>
for a line:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">#prefix = $(HOME)</span><br>
<br>
Remove the # at the start of the line.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; When installing for the whole system, Vim has most likely already selected<br>
a good installation directory for you.&nbsp;&nbsp;You can also specify one, see below.<br>
You need to become root for the following.<br>
<br>
To install Vim do:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make install</div>
<br>
That should move all the relevant files to the right place.&nbsp;&nbsp;Now you can try<br>
running vim to verify that it works.&nbsp;&nbsp;Use two simple tests to check if Vim can<br>
find its runtime files:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:help<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:syntax enable</div>
<br>
If this doesn't work, use this command to check where Vim is looking for the<br>
runtime files:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:echo $VIMRUNTIME</div>
<br>
You can also start Vim with the &quot;-V&quot; argument to see what happens during<br>
startup:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vim -V</div>
<br>
Don't forget that the user manual assumes you Vim in a certain way.&nbsp;&nbsp;After<br>
installing Vim, follow the instructions at&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_01.html#not-compatible">not-compatible</a>&nbsp;to make Vim work<br>
as assumed in this manual.<br>
<br>
<br>
SELECTING FEATURES<br>
<br>
Vim has many ways to select features.&nbsp;&nbsp;One of the simple ways is to edit the<br>
Makefile.&nbsp;&nbsp;There are many directions and examples.&nbsp;&nbsp;Often you can enable or<br>
disable a feature by uncommenting a line.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; An alternative is to run &quot;configure&quot; separately.&nbsp;&nbsp;This allows you to<br>
specify configuration options manually.&nbsp;&nbsp;The disadvantage is that you have to<br>
figure out what exactly to type.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Some of the most interesting configure arguments follow.&nbsp;&nbsp;These can also be<br>
enabled from the Makefile.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--prefix=<span class="Special">{directory}</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Top directory where to install Vim.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--with-features=tiny&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Compile with many features disabled.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--with-features=small&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Compile with some features disabled.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--with-features=big&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Compile with more features enabled.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--with-features=huge&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Compile with most features enabled.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;See&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="various.html#+feature-list">+feature-list</a>&nbsp;for which feature<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is enabled in which case.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--enable-perlinterp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Enable the Perl interface.&nbsp;&nbsp;There are<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;similar arguments for ruby, python and<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tcl.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--disable-gui&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Do not compile the GUI interface.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--without-x&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Do not compile X-windows features.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When both of these are used, Vim will<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not connect to the X server, which<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;makes startup faster.<br>
<br>
To see the whole list use:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;./configure --help</div>
<br>
You can find a bit of explanation for each feature, and links for more<br>
information here:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="eval.html#feature-list">feature-list</a>.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; For the adventurous, edit the file &quot;feature.h&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;You can also change the<br>
source code yourself!<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_90.html#90.2" name="90.2">90.2</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;MS-Windows<br>
<br>
There are two ways to install the Vim program for Microsoft Windows.&nbsp;&nbsp;You can<br>
uncompress several archives, or use a self-installing big archive.&nbsp;&nbsp;Most users<br>
with fairly recent computers will prefer the second method.&nbsp;&nbsp;For the first<br>
one, you will need:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- An archive with binaries for Vim.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- The Vim runtime archive.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- A program to unpack the zip files.<br>
<br>
To get the Vim archives, look in this file for a mirror near you, this should<br>
provide the fastest download:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Constant">ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/MIRRORS</span>&nbsp;<br>
<br>
Or use the home site ftp.vim.org, if you think it's fast enough.&nbsp;&nbsp;Go to the<br>
&quot;pc&quot; directory and you'll find a list of files there.&nbsp;&nbsp;The version number is<br>
embedded in the file name.&nbsp;&nbsp;You will want to get the most recent version.<br>
We will use &quot;61&quot; here, which is version 6.1.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gvim61.exe&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The self-installing archive.<br>
<br>
This is all you need for the second method.&nbsp;&nbsp;Just launch the executable, and<br>
follow the prompts.<br>
<br>
For the first method you must chose one of the binary archives.&nbsp;&nbsp;These are<br>
available:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gvim61.zip&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The normal MS-Windows GUI version.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gvim61ole.zip&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The MS-Windows GUI version with OLE support.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Uses more memory, supports interfacing with<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;other OLE applications.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vim61w32.zip&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;32 bit MS-Windows console version.&nbsp;&nbsp;For use in<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a Win NT/2000/XP console.&nbsp;&nbsp;Does not work well<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on Win 95/98.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vim61d32.zip&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;32 bit MS-DOS version.&nbsp;&nbsp;For use in the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Win 95/98 console window.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vim61d16.zip&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16 bit MS-DOS version.&nbsp;&nbsp;Only for old systems.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Does not support long filenames.<br>
<br>
You only need one of them.&nbsp;&nbsp;Although you could install both a GUI and a<br>
console version.&nbsp;&nbsp;You always need to get the archive with runtime files.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vim61rt.zip&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The runtime files.<br>
<br>
Use your un-zip program to unpack the files.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, using the &quot;unzip&quot;<br>
program:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cd c:\<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;unzip path\gvim61.zip<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;unzip path\vim61rt.zip</div>
<br>
This will unpack the files in the directory &quot;c:\vim\vim61&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;If you already<br>
have a &quot;vim&quot; directory somewhere, you will want to move to the directory just<br>
above it.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Now change to the &quot;vim\vim61&quot; directory and run the install program:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;install</div>
<br>
Carefully look through the messages and select the options you want to use.<br>
If you finally select &quot;do it&quot; the install program will carry out the actions<br>
you selected.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; The install program doesn't move the runtime files.&nbsp;&nbsp;They remain where you<br>
unpacked them.<br>
<br>
In case you are not satisfied with the features included in the supplied<br>
binaries, you could try compiling Vim yourself.&nbsp;&nbsp;Get the source archive from<br>
the same location as where the binaries are.&nbsp;&nbsp;You need a compiler for which a<br>
makefile exists.&nbsp;&nbsp;Microsoft Visual C works, but is expensive.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Free<br>
Borland command-line compiler 5.5 can be used, as well as the free MingW and<br>
Cygwin compilers.&nbsp;&nbsp;Check the file src/INSTALLpc.txt for hints.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_90.html#90.3" name="90.3">90.3</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Upgrading<br>
<br>
If you are running one version of Vim and want to install another, here is<br>
what to do.<br>
<br>
<br>
UNIX<br>
<br>
When you type &quot;make install&quot; the runtime files will be copied to a directory<br>
which is specific for this version.&nbsp;&nbsp;Thus they will not overwrite a previous<br>
version.&nbsp;&nbsp;This makes it possible to use two or more versions next to<br>
each other.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; The executable &quot;vim&quot; will overwrite an older version.&nbsp;&nbsp;If you don't care<br>
about keeping the old version, running &quot;make install&quot; will work fine.&nbsp;&nbsp;You can<br>
delete the old runtime files manually.&nbsp;&nbsp;Just delete the directory with the<br>
version number in it and all files below it.&nbsp;&nbsp;Example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm -rf /usr/local/share/vim/vim58</div>
<br>
There are normally no changed files below this directory.&nbsp;&nbsp;If you did change<br>
the &quot;filetype.vim&quot; file, for example, you better merge the changes into the<br>
new version before deleting it.<br>
<br>
If you are careful and want to try out the new version for a while before<br>
switching to it, install the new version under another name.&nbsp;&nbsp;You need to<br>
specify a configure argument.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;./configure --with-vim-name=vim6</div>
<br>
Before running &quot;make install&quot;, you could use &quot;make -n install&quot; to check that<br>
no valuable existing files are overwritten.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; When you finally decide to switch to the new version, all you need to do is<br>
to rename the binary to &quot;vim&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mv /usr/local/bin/vim6 /usr/local/bin/vim</div>
<br>
<br>
MS-WINDOWS<br>
<br>
Upgrading is mostly equal to installing a new version.&nbsp;&nbsp;Just unpack the files<br>
in the same place as the previous version.&nbsp;&nbsp;A new directory will be created,<br>
e.g., &quot;vim61&quot;, for the files of the new version.&nbsp;&nbsp;Your runtime files, vimrc<br>
file, viminfo, etc. will be left alone.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; If you want to run the new version next to the old one, you will have to do<br>
some handwork.&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't run the install program, it will overwrite a few files<br>
of the old version.&nbsp;&nbsp;Execute the new binaries by specifying the full path.<br>
The program should be able to automatically find the runtime files for the<br>
right version.&nbsp;&nbsp;However, this won't work if you set the $VIMRUNTIME variable<br>
somewhere.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; If you are satisfied with the upgrade, you can delete the files of the<br>
previous version.&nbsp;&nbsp;See&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_90.html#90.5">90.5</a>.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_90.html#90.4" name="90.4">90.4</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Common installation issues<br>
<br>
This section describes some of the common problems that occur when installing<br>
Vim and suggests some solutions.&nbsp;&nbsp;It also contains answers to many<br>
installation questions.<br>
<br>
<br>
Q: I Do Not Have Root Privileges.&nbsp;&nbsp;How Do I Install Vim? (Unix)<br>
<br>
Use the following configuration command to install Vim in a directory called<br>
$HOME/vim:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;./configure --prefix=$HOME</div>
<br>
This gives you a personal copy of Vim.&nbsp;&nbsp;You need to put $HOME/bin in your<br>
path to execute the editor.&nbsp;&nbsp;Also see&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_90.html#install-home">install-home</a>.<br>
<br>
<br>
Q: The Colors Are Not Right on My Screen. (Unix)<br>
<br>
Check your terminal settings by using the following command in a shell:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo $TERM</div>
<br>
If the terminal type listed is not correct, fix it.&nbsp;&nbsp;For more hints, see<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_06.html#06.2">06.2</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Another solution is to always use the GUI version of Vim, called<br>
gvim.&nbsp;&nbsp;This avoids the need for a correct terminal setup.<br>
<br>
<br>
Q: My Backspace And Delete Keys Don't Work Right<br>
<br>
The definition of what key sends what code is very unclear for backspace&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;BS&gt;</span><br>
and Delete&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Del&gt;</span>&nbsp;keys.&nbsp;&nbsp;First of all, check your $TERM setting.&nbsp;&nbsp;If there is<br>
nothing wrong with it, try this:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:set t_kb=^V&lt;BS&gt;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:set t_kD=^V&lt;Del&gt;</div>
<br>
In the first line you need to press&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>&nbsp;and then hit the backspace key.<br>
In the second line you need to press&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>&nbsp;and then hit the Delete key.<br>
You can put these lines in your vimrc file, see&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_05.html#05.1">05.1</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;A disadvantage is<br>
that it won't work when you use another terminal some day.&nbsp;&nbsp;Look here for<br>
alternate solutions:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="options.html#:fixdel">:fixdel</a>.<br>
<br>
<br>
Q: I Am Using RedHat Linux.&nbsp;&nbsp;Can I Use the Vim That Comes with the System?<br>
<br>
By default RedHat installs a minimal version of Vim.&nbsp;&nbsp;Check your RPM packages<br>
for something named &quot;Vim-enhanced-version.rpm&quot; and install that.<br>
<br>
<br>
Q: How Do I Turn Syntax Coloring On?&nbsp;&nbsp;How do I make plugins work?<br>
<br>
Use the example vimrc script.&nbsp;&nbsp;You can find an explanation on how to use it<br>
here:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_01.html#not-compatible">not-compatible</a>.<br>
<br>
See chapter 6 for information about syntax highlighting:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_06.html">usr_06.txt</a>.<br>
<br>
<br>
Q: What Is a Good vimrc File to Use?<br>
<br>
See the&nbsp;<span class="Constant">www.vim.org</span>&nbsp;Web site for several good examples.<br>
<br>
<br>
Q: Where Do I Find a Good Vim Plugin?<br>
<br>
See the Vim-online site:&nbsp;<span class="Constant"><a href="http://vim.sf.net">http://vim.sf.net</a></span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Many users have uploaded useful<br>
Vim scripts and plugins there.<br>
<br>
<br>
Q: Where Do I Find More Tips?<br>
<br>
See the Vim-online site:&nbsp;<span class="Constant"><a href="http://vim.sf.net">http://vim.sf.net</a></span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;There is an archive with hints<br>
from Vim users.&nbsp;&nbsp;You might also want to search in the&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="intro.html#maillist-archive">maillist-archive</a>.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_90.html#90.5" name="90.5">90.5</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Uninstalling Vim<br>
<br>
In the unlikely event you want to uninstall Vim completely, this is how you do<br>
it.<br>
<br>
<br>
UNIX<br>
<br>
When you installed Vim as a package, check your package manager to find out<br>
how to remove the package again.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; If you installed Vim from sources you can use this command:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make uninstall</div>
<br>
However, if you have deleted the original files or you used an archive that<br>
someone supplied, you can't do this.&nbsp;&nbsp;Do delete the files manually, here is an<br>
example for when &quot;/usr/local&quot; was used as the root:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm -rf /usr/local/share/vim/vim61<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/eview<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/evim<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/ex<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/gview<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/gvim<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/gvim<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/gvimdiff<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/rgview<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/rgvim<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/rview<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/rvim<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/rvim<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/view<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/vim<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/vimdiff<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/vimtutor<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/bin/xxd<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/eview.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/evim.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/ex.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/gview.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/gvim.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/gvimdiff.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/rgview.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/rgvim.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/rview.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/rvim.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/view.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/vim.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/vimdiff.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/vimtutor.1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm /usr/local/man/man1/xxd.1</div>
<br>
<br>
MS-WINDOWS<br>
<br>
If you installed Vim with the self-installing archive you can run<br>
the &quot;uninstall-gui&quot; program located in the same directory as the other Vim<br>
programs, e.g. &quot;c:\vim\vim61&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;You can also launch it from the Start menu if<br>
installed the Vim entries there.&nbsp;&nbsp;This will remove most of the files, menu<br>
entries and desktop shortcuts.&nbsp;&nbsp;Some files may remain however, as they need a<br>
Windows restart before being deleted.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; You will be given the option to remove the whole &quot;vim&quot; directory.&nbsp;&nbsp;It<br>
probably contains your vimrc file and other runtime files that you created, so<br>
be careful.<br>
<br>
Else, if you installed Vim with the zip archives, the preferred way is to use<br>
the &quot;uninstal&quot; program (<span class="Todo">note</span>&nbsp;the missing l at the end).&nbsp;&nbsp;You can find it in<br>
the same directory as the &quot;install&quot; program, e.g., &quot;c:\vim\vim61&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;This<br>
should also work from the usual &quot;install/remove software&quot; page.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; However, this only removes the registry entries for Vim.&nbsp;&nbsp;You have to<br>
delete the files yourself.&nbsp;&nbsp;Simply select the directory &quot;vim\vim61&quot; and delete<br>
it recursively.&nbsp;&nbsp;There should be no files there that you changed, but you<br>
might want to check that first.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; The &quot;vim&quot; directory probably contains your vimrc file and other runtime<br>
files that you created.&nbsp;&nbsp;You might want to keep that.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<br>
Table of contents:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_toc.html">usr_toc.txt</a><br>
<br>
Copyright: see&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_01.html#manual-copyright">manual-copyright</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:<br>
</div>

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